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Dan Kiley
Dan Kiley became one of the most significant American modernist landscape architects of the 20th century, developing a distinctive style using strict geometric grids, allees of identically spaced trees, and formal reflecting pools that directly complemented the modernist architecture of the era he most frequently worked alongside. Kiley served on the design team for the Nuremberg trials courtroom after World War II, and his subsequent landscape architecture career included designing the grounds of the Gateway Arch in St. Louis and the Ford Foundation Building's interior garden atrium in New York City. His geometric, architecturally disciplined approach represented a deliberate departure from the naturalistic English landscape tradition that had influenced much earlier American landscape design, instead directly drawing on formal French garden traditions reinterpreted through a modernist design sensibility. Dan Kiley's combination of his formal geometric modernist landscape style and his design work on significant American civic landmarks like the Gateway Arch grounds has made him one of the most influential American landscape architects of the modernist era.
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Roberto Burle Marx
Roberto Burle Marx became Brazil's most internationally significant landscape architect, designing the famous undulating black-and-white wave-patterned mosaic promenade along Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana Beach in 1970, one of the most photographed pieces of public landscape design in the world. His design work incorporated Brazil's native tropical plant species extensively at a time when many Brazilian gardens still favored imported European plant varieties, and Burle Marx's advocacy significantly influenced broader Brazilian appreciation for using native flora in landscape design. Burle Marx designed the landscaping for numerous major modernist architectural projects, including significant work in Brazil's purpose-built capital city, Brasília, collaborating closely with prominent modernist architects on integrating landscape design directly into large-scale urban planning projects. Roberto Burle Marx's combination of his iconic Copacabana promenade design and his pioneering advocacy for native Brazilian plants in landscape architecture has made him one of the most internationally significant landscape architects of the 20th century.
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