The Matrix

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Last updated 8/27/2026

The Matrix, released in 1999 and written and directed by the Wachowski siblings, introduced "bullet time," a visual effects technique using an array of still cameras to create the illusion of a moving camera around a frozen moment of action, a technique so influential it was widely imitated and parodied across film and advertising for years afterward. The film's premise — that humanity is unknowingly trapped in a simulated reality while their bodies are harvested by machines — combined philosophical questions about the nature of reality with martial arts-influenced action choreography, a genre-blending approach that helped make it one of the most influential science fiction action films of its era. Its extensive use of wire-fu martial arts choreography, supervised by Hong Kong action choreographer Yuen Woo-ping, brought a distinctly different action filmmaking style to mainstream American blockbuster cinema, directly influencing the choreography of numerous subsequent Hollywood action films. The film's central metaphor of "taking the red pill" to see reality as it truly is has become one of the most widely referenced and repurposed phrases in broader internet and political culture, a level of language-shaping cultural penetration achieved by relatively few films of any genre.

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Blade Runner
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Alien
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Terminator 2: Judgment Day
Terminator 2: Judgment Day, released in 1991 and directed by James Cameron, was, at the time of its release, the most expensive film ever made, with its groundbreaking computer-generated visual effects depicting the liquid-metal T-1000 antagonist representing one of the most significant technical leaps in visual effects history up to that point. The film's decision to recast Arnold Schwarzenegger's original Terminator character as the story's protector rather than antagonist, a reversal from the villain role he'd played in the 1984 original film, became one of the most successful examples of a sequel meaningfully subverting audience expectations built by its predecessor. Robert Patrick's performance as the shapeshifting T-1000, rendered through then-revolutionary CGI morphing effects developed specifically for the film, set a new visual effects benchmark that directly accelerated the film industry's broader transition toward computer-generated effects over traditional practical techniques. The film's combination of massive technical ambition, genuine emotional depth in its central mother-son-machine family dynamic, and its box-office success in becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 1991 made it one of the rare sequels widely considered to surpass its already well-regarded original.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
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